These are the common types of furitsuke, but please note that many bands have special furi of their own during certain songs. Also, some regions of Japan will have their own furitsuke or different versions of what is listed below.
Tebyoushi - 手拍子 - clap your hands to the beat of the music
Heddoban - ヘッドバン - headbanging; usually side to side or in a figure-8 pattern
Note: If a vocalist yells "Atama!" ("head") , they typically are telling the crowd to headbang.
Oritatami - 折りたたみ - when you "fold" your body over; if you have a railing, then you would actually "fold" over the bar, as shown in the gif.
Teban - 手バン - This furi is extremely common. If you don't want to headbang, you can do this instead, but it is used normally, as well. You just alternate moving each hand forward and back to the beat of the song.
Jump - ジャンプ - ...jump. :) Most of the time you put your right arm up and jump like that, other times the band will ask you to wave their branded towel around.
Note: "Jump" in Japanese is "tobu", so you will often hear vocalists telling the crowd to jump by yelling "Tobe!"
Tesensu - 手扇子 - "hand fan"; done by crossing or touching your hands in front of you, then pulling them apart.
Kobushi - 拳 - sort of "fist pumping" to the beat of the song
Kobushi Headbang - 拳ヘッドバン - often also referred to as just "kobushi", this tricky furi combines regular kobushi with headbanging. Often the easiest way to do this is to turn to the side and swing your arm in a circle while doing normal headbanging. Just be sure not to hit anyone!
Gyakudai[bu] - 逆ダイ(ブ) - lit. "reverse dive", this is done to emphasize certain beats; put your hand out in front of you, then pull it back towards you while partially doing oritatami. This is often immediately followed by headbanging. Again, if you have a rail, throw yourself over it.
Gyakudai[bu] (sedai[bu]) - 逆ダイ（背ダイ）- this used to be called sedai, but has now been grouped with the original gyakudai. The people in the first row will fold over the railing, and people from the second and third rows will press against them to form a human wall. Other people will then jump against them, backwards. If you do this, please be careful to not ram your elbow into the girls forming the "futon"!!!
Mosh - モッシュ - this moshing is not like typical metal-band moshing. Instead, it most likely means just to move back and forth as a group. Typically you will put your hands up as you do this.
Saku - 咲く - lit. "to bloom", this is what you do when your favorite member has a solo part. Put both your arms up (be careful not to hit anyone or block anyone's view), and keep them up for as long as the solo lasts. (Note: some bands have banned saku, mainly larger bands like Dir En Grey, so please be sure that this is allowed before doing it. Best thing to do would be to see if anyone else is doing it.)
Tefuri - 手フリ - This is done to emphasize beats of a song. Think of it like a more reserved type of "jazz hands". （笑）
Ballads - During ballads, it's normal to not move around much. If anything, some people will sway gently to the beat. It's best not to move too much if everyone else is still, as this can be distracting to others.
For some full-song examples, this channel on YouTube has some videos that will teach you the furi of some popular songs.
(Gifs made from videos uploaded to Twitter and YouTube.)
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